David Gregg and the History of the Optical Disk

David Gregg and the History of the Optical Disk An optical plate is a plastic-covered circle that stores advanced information. Little pits are carved into the circle surface that are perused with a laser filtering the surface. The innovation behind the optical circle is the establishment for similiar designs including CDs and DVDs. David Gregg The optical circle is a simple video optical plate group. The first arrangement gave full data transfer capacity composite video and two simple sound tracks (computerized sound tracks were included later). The optical plate (generally referred to as the laser circle as trademarked by Pioneer) was supplanted in notoriety by the presentation of DVD in 1997. David Gregg Speaks on the Invention of the Optical Disk ...By impairing an electron bar to obvious frequencies, adjusting it to the standard PWM video recurrence, and lessening the ability to photoresistive prerequisites, an e-pillar optical videodisk acing framework was commonsense and monetarily accessible in the late 50s. In any case, this basic and handy methods for acing was relinquished by others for all the more exorbitant and time postponing innovation: the laser, the incomparable toy existing apart from everything else for nerds. Effect of David Greggs Patents Computerized Versatile Disk or DVD and LaserDisc from PioneerMiniDisc from Sony Compact Disk or CD from Philips the 3M Company Rundown of Patents for Optical Disk Technology Proceed with Extract from Optical Disk Patent Unique much gratitude goes to Tom Peterson for giving data to this page including the expressions of David Gregg. David Gregg was Toms father by appropriation. A straightforward plastic plate is portrayed in the Copending Application Ser. No. 627,701, presently U.S. Pat. No. 3,430,966, gave March 4, 1969, in which picture data as video signals is recorded on one or the two sides of the circle. The recorded picture data on the circle is planned to be replicated, for instance, through a TV input, by playing the plate on a turntable and by coordinating a light shaft through the circle, as depicted in the Copending Application Ser. No. 507,474 currently, surrendered, and its continuation to some degree application, presently U.S. Pat. No. 3,530,258. The light shaft is balanced by the video chronicles on the circle, and a get head is given which reacts to the subsequent light motions toward change them into relating electrical video or picture signals for playback purposes. The current innovation is worried about such a video circle record, and with a duplication procedure by which a variety of such records might be mass-delivered from an ace record bite the dust. The material of the plate record surface is made such to be proper for decorating and to empower, under appropriate temperature conditions, a slight power squeezing the circle surface against an ace kick the bucket to cause the impacts on the outside of the pass on to be emblazoned into the outside of the circle. With such a decorating procedure, there is no transverse progression of the plate material, as happens in the standard earlier craftsmanship stepping or shaping procedures, as are by and by being utilized in the creation of phonograph sound records, for instance, and by which the genuine surface of the record is raised over its liquefying point. The stepping methods by and by being utilized in the assembling of phonograph records are not reasonable for the uncommonly fine microgrooves and examples required by video recurrence accounts of picture data. Such stepping methods as are directly being utilized in the creation of phonograph sound records necessitate that the ace record bite the dust be warmed to a temperature over the softening purpose of the vinyl or other plastic material utilized in the phonograph record. In the earlier workmanship phonograph record copying process, a roll of the vinyl or other plastic material is put in a stamper, and the warmed ace record pass on is cut down onto one or the two surfaces of the bread. The plastic of the scone surface is dissolved and caused to stream radially into the spaces characterized by the impacts on the ace bite the dust surface. As referenced over, this stepping method by present day guidelines gives off an impression of being unsuited for the incredibly fine miniaturized scale winding sections required for video recurrence chronicles. As an option in contrast to the current day practice, and as will be portrayed, a video circle record clear of overlaid straightforward plastic development might be given, the covered record having a surface layer of moderately delicate straightforward plastic of any reasonable known sort, and which can be promptly decorated; and a supporting base of an unbending plastic, for example, an acrylic tar or polyvinyl chloride. As an initial phase in the substitute methodology, the covered plate record clear is warmed to a point where the surface pressure of the surface material makes the surface be smooth and standard. This temperature is the basic temperature at which embellished impressions might be framed on the plate surface, and it is underneath the liquefying purpose of the surface material. The emblazoning die(s) is(are) warmed to a temperature somewhat over the basic temperature, and it(they) and the record clear are united with a slight weight. As the die(s) and the record clear are united, the die(s) is(are) cooled to the aforementioned basic temperature, and its (their) surface impressions are decorated into the surface(s) of the record. Clearly, if different sides are being embellished, two decorating kicks the bucket are required. The supporting structure would require alteration, however such adjustment is well inside the ability of the craftsmanship. After the circle record has been decorated, as portrayed over, a hazy cover is saved into the parts of its surface around the subsequent emblazoned miniaturized scale grooves. This last cover might be shaped on the circle by utilizing a vacuum affidavit method, as will be portrayed. The previously mentioned circle record, when covered as per the aforementioned exchange approach, is utilized so as to introduce the ideal surface attributes for ideal decorating capacities, but with the goal that the record itself might be tough and reasonable for unpleasant utilization. The covered structure of the record includes sensibly intense and dimensionally stable away from for the fundamental body of the circle; and a plastic material on one or the two surfaces of the plate which is generally appropriate for embellishing. The mix gives a video record plate which is valuable, which can take on fitting measure of taking care of, which despite everything can be embellished effectively and viably.

Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Use of Techniques free essay sample

Any understudy wishing to apply for a Scholarship must apply by 14 January. Any grant applications got after this cutoff time might be acknowledged at the tact of the School. The application must be finished else it can't be handled. If you don't mind guarantee all areas are finished including the agenda toward the finish of the application structure. Test portfolios may be returned whenever mentioned and a 50 postage expense is paid ahead of time, or if the portfolio is gotten face to face from the AAA out on the town prearranged by the AAA. Portfolios will be returned/accessible to get when the AAA no longer requires them for evaluation purposes. Kindly hold on to be educated that your portfolio is prepared for assortment. Portfolios brought to n meeting can be removed straightforwardly after the meeting. Family name First name(s) Please underline the primary name you like to utilize Middle name(s) Permanent location Portfolio whom. We will compose a custom paper test on Assess the Effectiveness of the Use of Techniques or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page School. Air conditioning. UK/failing to meet expectations All candidates are required to present a bound example arrangement of craftsmanship/plan work (no bigger than AY and between 10 to 30 pages). CDC/DVDs of extra material are likewise acknowledged yet just while going with a printed copy portfolio. Portfolios must be gotten by pm on Friday 28 January or Friday 25 March (late applications). Portfolios can be conveyed by hand to the AAA or sent by post or dispatch. The AAA can't be considered liable for late appearance of portfolios. On the off chance that your portfolio has not been gotten in time your application might be considered for the late application cutoff time, or in the event that it shows up after the late application cutoff time it might be acknowledged at the watchfulness of the School. Meeting Based on the appraisal of your application and portfolio you will be messaged to be advised whether you have been welcome to a meeting at the AAA and the date and time of your meeting. The meeting ought to be Seen as an open door for common conversation dependent on the understudies arrangement of work. A point by point portfolio control is accessible at: www. School. Air conditioning. UK/failing to meet expectations Permanent phone Address for correspondence (if extraordinary) Telephone Mobile Date of birth Nationality Email Visiting the AAA Prospective understudies are urged to visit the AAA during one of the Schools Open Days (dates and subtleties accessible on the AAA site) or during weekdays in term time by course of action with the undergrad Admissions Coordinator. The AAA offers the five-year course in design perceived by the RIB (Royal Institute of British Architects) and ARAB (Architects Registration Board). The AAA Intermediate Examination (RIB/ARAB section 1) and the AAA Final Examination (RIB/ARAB Part 2) are the capabilities perceived under the European Directive. Toward the finishing of Fifth Year the AAA likewise offers its own exceptionally respected AAA Diploma, which is practically identical to a UK higher degree. Abroad understudies looking for a one-year enrolment in the School can join our Visiting Students Programmer.

Build a Better Brainstorm A Guide to Inclusive Team Meetings

Build a Better Brainstorm A Guide to Inclusive Team Meetings We like to think that we operate our businesses as meritocracies. Good ideas get heard, and people with good ideas get rewarded. But what if that wasn’t exactly true? Take the classic business meeting. You’ve got a problem you need to solve, so you throw the floor open to ideas, take the best ones, and run with them. What could be better? But think about who participated. It’s anything but equal. The fact is, in a typical eight-person team meeting, on average only three people do  70 percent of the talking. Those are the people who are comfortable in the meeting format you’ve chosen. Everyone else would participate more under different circumstances. It doesn’t mean that the quiet participants’ ideas are bad. It might just mean that they’re newer to the group and less confident. Or that they’re introverted and dislike fighting for attention. Whatever the reason, it’s not because they or their ideas lack merit. It’s because the meeting structure arbitrarily plays to one group’s strengths and another’s weakness. Ignoring these differences hurts the productivity of your meetings and could hamstring your organization’s prospects for success. In this article, Ill share how you can make your team meetings more inclusive, over a few simple stages. Achieving Inclusive Excellence There is a recent term in higher education that crystalizes why brainstorm meetings should play to everyone’s strengths. It’s called inclusive excellence. It’s the idea that a team cannot be at its collective best unless each member of the team is performing at his or her individual best. The concept builds on the established premise that diversity in teams is a good thing. There is more than one way to think about a problem, and having a diversity of ideas and  healthy debate around those ideas leads to better results. That notion of healthy debate is central to inclusive excellence. Having an inclusive team with diverse viewpoints is good. However, pairing that diversity with a structure that allows those viewpoints to be voiced and heard is what really moves the needle toward excellence. Identifying personality types on your team One basic aspect of diversity is personality â€" specifically, introversion versus extroversion. In business, it’s mostly an extrovert’s world. Core components of corporate life â€" including those decisions about how we run meetings â€" were designed around extroverts. They are so established now that you might not even think of them as decisions but as default settings. But if you are aware of your team’s differences, you can make decisions that support introverts, too. Let me share four tips on how to brainstorm in a way that will help ensure all team members are able to contribute, with  inclusive team meetings. Share Your Key Questions I used to have a boss who loved “pop-up” meetings. Whenever he was stuck on a question, he’d call the staff team together and ask for ideas. I liked the feeling of being included, but especially when I was new, one minute’s warning wasn’t enough time to think of anything worth sharing. Team meetings like this are often worth avoiding entirely. The solution â€" of course â€" is an agenda. But not just any agenda. The standard agenda is written in a terse, descriptive way. You can do better than that. Write each agenda item as a question to solve. So if you want to brainstorm about how to reduce customer service hold times, don’t write “customer hold times.” Instead, in your agenda write “How do we shorten our customer service hold times and improve our brand experience?” By framing the question, you put a tighter focus on the discussion you want to prompt and orient the conversation toward problem-solving. Next, share the agenda a day or two in advance. This allows people time and space to think independently about the question you’ll be discussing. That extra day could make the difference between new staff members being able to contribute or just observe. It could also have a profound effect on your experienced team members of different temperaments. An impromptu team meeting to brainstorm ideas works well for extroverts who thrive in the act now, fight-or-flight mode. But it will provoke anxiety in introverts who prefer to rest and ruminate before responding. Present a visual agenda An ideal way to build and share this kind of agenda is with a tool like MindMeister. MindMeister allows you to build a visual, color-coded meeting agenda using an online mind map. Your team members can pull up the agenda wherever they have internet access, so they can mentally prepare for the meeting from the leisure of their home, the subway, or wherever they do their best thinking. Visualize your meeting agenda Try MindMeister Ask Team Members Individually Team meetings are often dominated by one or two meeting tyrants.” (They’re the ones doing 70 percent of the talking.) They aren’t bad people; they might just not be aware of what they’re doing. After a while, this becomes a group pattern. The dominant speakers can even get annoyed that they’re always expected to do the talking. Just being aware of that trap will help you guard against it, but thats not enough. Literally asking people, by name, for their opinion will ensure that all voices are heard. Some people are less assertive than others. Some have softer voices. Whatever the reason, not everyone is comfortable fighting for the floor, but they will happily speak up if you offer the opportunity to them. If you’ve shared the questions in advance and asked attendees to prepare their ideas, there’s also less of a risk that you’re putting them on the spot. After all, an unwillingness to shout shouldn’t disqualify someone from contributing an idea. Make Your Brainstorm Digital It was established a while back that brainstorming through an electronic interface can produce more and better ideas than face-to-face brainstorming sessions. Yet face-to-face brainstorming is still the dominant form. There are some unique benefits that face-to-face meetings offer, but one big downside is the aforementioned meeting domination. In brainstorming, its called production blocking. When team members must compete for the sole attention of the group, it creates a narrow idea funnel that advantages extroverts and disadvantages everyone else, even if their great ideas are better. That’s where the opportunity to brainstorm online, on platforms like MindMeister, can really shine through. MindMeister allows team members to generate ideas simultaneously, which eliminates that funnel. Also, in changing the medium, online brainstorming engages people who are more comfortable expressing their ideas in writing. After all, speaking in public is something a lot of people would rather avoid if they can help it. Reopen the agenda you shared within MindMeister ahead of the meeting and continue adding to it throughout the brainstorm. There are many ways you can take effective meeting notes but using an online mind map allows your team to add notes, attach documents and provide comments, all in real-time. Turn Your Inclusive Meeting into Action Finally, nothing encourages people to speak up more than someone actually listening to them. By immediately translating brainstorming ideas into action items, you are confirming to your team that their input won’t be ignored or forgotten. The integration between online mind mapping tool, MindMeister and task management tool,  MeisterTask  makes this process painless. Using the integration, you can convert the same mind map you used to provide an agenda and take notes during your brainstorm, into actionable to-dos. To do this, create a corresponding Project in task management tool, MeisterTask. Then, during the meeting and as a team, you can decide on which ideas to take forward as actionable tasks. Using the integration between MindMeister and MeisterTask, you can  automatically populate those chosen ideas as assigned tasks in MeisterTask. From there, ideas can be assigned due dates, commented on and tracked, as they move across your Project Board from ideation to completion. With a few clicks of the mouse, you can ensure the ideas from your inclusive team meeting are seen through. Simple. Keep Thinking Building a culture of inclusive excellence can be a massive undertaking, and making your brainstorming process more inclusive is just one part of that. But it’s an important one. However, when you see it working, you might just wonder how many other ways your business could be a little more excellent. Do you have any team meeting tips? Wed love to hear them in the comments below. Turn your teams ideas into action Discover MeisterTask Ask Team Members Individually Team meetings are often dominated by one or two meeting tyrants.” (They’re the ones doing 70 percent of the talking.) They aren’t bad people; they might just not be aware of what they’re doing. After a while, this becomes a group pattern. The dominant speakers can even get annoyed that they’re always expected to do the talking. Just being aware of that trap will help you guard against it, but thats not enough. Literally asking people, by name, for their opinion will ensure that all voices are heard. Some people are less assertive than others. Some have softer voices. Whatever the reason, not everyone is comfortable fighting for the floor, but they will happily speak up if you offer the opportunity to them. If you’ve shared the questions in advance and asked attendees to prepare their ideas, there’s also less of a risk that you’re putting them on the spot. After all, an unwillingness to shout shouldn’t disqualify someone from contributing an idea. Make Your Brainstorm Digital It was established a while back that brainstorming through an electronic interface can produce more and better ideas than face-to-face brainstorming sessions. Yet face-to-face brainstorming is still the dominant form. There are some unique benefits that face-to-face meetings offer, but one big downside is the aforementioned meeting domination. In brainstorming, its called production blocking. When team members must compete for the sole attention of the group, it creates a narrow idea funnel that advantages extroverts and disadvantages everyone else, even if their great ideas are better. That’s where the opportunity to brainstorm online, on platforms like MindMeister, can really shine through. MindMeister allows team members to generate ideas simultaneously, which eliminates that funnel. Also, in changing the medium, online brainstorming engages people who are more comfortable expressing their ideas in writing. After all, speaking in public is something a lot of people would rather avoid if they can help it. Reopen the agenda you shared within MindMeister ahead of the meeting and continue adding to it throughout the brainstorm. There are many ways you can take effective meeting notes but using an online mind map allows your team to add notes, attach documents and provide comments, all in real-time. Turn Your Inclusive Meeting into Action Finally, nothing encourages people to speak up more than someone actually listening to them. By immediately translating brainstorming ideas into action items, you are confirming to your team that their input won’t be ignored or forgotten. The integration between online mind mapping tool, MindMeister and task management tool,  MeisterTask  makes this process painless. Using the integration, you can convert the same mind map you used to provide an agenda and take notes during your brainstorm, into actionable to-dos. To do this, create a corresponding Project in task management tool, MeisterTask. Then, during the meeting and as a team, you can decide on which ideas to take forward as actionable tasks. Using the integration between MindMeister and MeisterTask, you can  automatically populate those chosen ideas as assigned tasks in MeisterTask. From there, ideas can be assigned due dates, commented on and tracked, as they move across your Project Board from ideation to completion. With a few clicks of the mouse, you can ensure the ideas from your inclusive team meeting are seen through. Simple. Keep Thinking Building a culture of inclusive excellence can be a massive undertaking, and making your brainstorming process more inclusive is just one part of that. But it’s an important one. However, when you see it working, you might just wonder how many other ways your business could be a little more excellent. Do you have any team meeting tips? Wed love to hear them in the comments below. Turn your teams ideas into action Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask

Essay on Contrasting Yeats’ Second Coming and Shelleys...

Contrasting Yeats’ Second Coming and Shelleys Ozymandias William Butler Yeats specialized in the early Modernists style of literature. Coming just out of the Late Victorian age, Yeats used strong literary and historic elements in literary form to evoke his symbolic message in The Second Coming. Through the use of his theme of the new Apocalypse, (lecture notes on Early 20th Century Modernism) he imagined the world was coming into a state of unsurity from the post-WWI Modernist experience. The war left people in a state of chaos, and although the war was meant to bring people a sense of hope for no more wars in the future, it did far more damage then good, especially in peoples minds. The time in the Modernist era was†¦show more content†¦Possibly due to the war efforts in WWI, people saw the destruction and the lack of progression it brought the world; a second coming of the rough beast†¦/slouching towards Bethlehem (Yeats, Longman p. 2329, ll. 21-22), or in other words slouching towards religion. I think this because ea rlier in his stanza, Yeats speaks about twenty centuries of stony sleep/ Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle (Yeats, Longman p. 2329: ll. 19-20), which leads me to think of the two thousand years religion had a grip on peoples lives, and then as the more Modern generation became more and more separated from religion by its rocking cradle, the rough beast took hold of the people and took the place of religions dominancy in society. Now, peoples ideas became separated from the Biblical interpretation of things, and instead took on a more personal outlook and interpretation of its own as to what the meaning of all these things (WWI) meant. Chaos then took place, and religion lost its stronghold for good. The centre [could]not hold the people in religion, the rough beast (chaos) became their dominant concern. This may be contrasted to Percy Bysshe Shelleys poem Ozymandias, continuing the theme of the loss of authority. The Sphinx figure of ancient Egypt is illustrated

Pepsi Vs Pepsi Advertisement Essay - 1963 Words

â€Å"Can you pass me a soda? And some ice please?† A cold, sugary drink in mid-summer is the best. Whether they drink it to accompany a meal or a hot summer day. Soda is widely known around the globe and drunk by many people. Soda is widely consumed by different demographics. Two of the largest soda manufacturers in the United States are Pepsi and Coca-Cola. Pepsi offers a soda commercial aired on television appealing to young women. The Coca-Cola Company produces a commercial for environmentalists aired on television. The Pepsi commercial persuasively appeal to pathos by using humor, and the Coca-Cola also successfully appeal to pathos by invoking a caring emotion in the audience. Furthermore the Pepsi ad uses a strong mirror effect using†¦show more content†¦The commercial wraps up by showing a collage picture where Pepsi used the song as a slogan that said â€Å"Live in the Moment.† The Coca-Cola commercial depicts the company’s concern of the enviro nment and educate the audience of their role. The Coca-Cola ad begins by a background of power lines behind a gate where the title is shown as â€Å"Coca-Cola North America Sustainability† as the foreground. In the first scene, it shows a man named Bruce Karris whom is Vice President of Environment Sustainability with Coca-Cola North America walking in the forest. In the second scene, the video moves on to a factory where dozens of Coca-Cola cans are being passed through each machine with a subtitle that reads â€Å"Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency.† While it is being narrated the scene changes to a tractor prowling a field. A Coca-Cola employee opens the storage room. Bruce continues narrating while a large Coca-Cola truck drives away from the factory. In the third scene a person grabs a Coca-Cola can from a vendor. Bruce walks with another man who is also an environmentalist at a facility called the â€Å"Atlanta Syrup Plant which is a program that looks lik e the way a facility isShow MoreRelatedBusiness Marketing Plan For Coca Cola2339 Words   |  10 PagesCoca cola is Pepsi which have a similar brand value and competitive market shares. Some samples from Beverage-Digest s report(2012) are written below EARNINGS PE (TTM) PE (FWD) PEG 1 YEAR EPS GROWTH 5 YEAR EPS GROWTH COKE 20.1 18.1 3.6 6.62% 8.96% PEPSI 19.3 18.3 2.4 -2.71% 2.74% FINANCIAL STRENGTH NET CURRENT QUICK LTD PAYOUT RATIO COKE 18.63% 1.0 .09 .04 55.6% PEPSI 10.11% 1.2 1.0 1.1 51.3% GROWTH SALES GROWTH OF 5 YEAR DIVIDEND GROWTH OF 5 YEAR COKE 10.72% 8.45% PEPSI 10.66% 8.35%Read MoreThe Coca Cola Company2475 Words   |  10 PagesIts brand has represented family and the memories of good times, celebrations and comfort of being with those we love. Unfortunately, the company has not made good marketing decisions in the recent past and has lost relevancy. The purpose of this essay is to assess the conditions that created Coca-Colas marketing problems, evaluate the future of healthy beverages and non-carb drink brand extensions, and provide recommendations to the management. 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Each has its own pros cons but to choose the right is a tough choice to make, it needs a thorough analysis and understanding of the market and only then a decision could be arrived .This essay will critically try to understand a nd analyse the various arguments of standardization and adaption so as to arrive at which is more appropriate in the modern international marketing scenario. Discussion Standardisation refers to the concept of keepingRead MoreStarbucks in Singapore5803 Words   |  24 Pagesimplemented in such a way that they were able to strengthen their position over the targeted market. Although the theories were followed, they had a great issue in reaching the customer because they believed in â€Å"push† method of advertising. The below essay explains about this problem in specific and also the remedies to overcome these issues. The â€Å"pull† method is one best method to follow in order to reach the targeted market. 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McDonald’s have acquired a simple method of promotion to enhance effective communicationRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesinterpersonal cross cultural gaffes, the translation of documents, brochures, advertisements and signs also offers us some comical cross cultural blunders: * Kellogg had to rename its Bran Buds cereal in Sweden when it discovered that the name roughly translated to burned farmer. * When Pepsico advertised Pepsi in Taiwan with the ad Come Alive With Pepsi they had no idea that it would be translated into Chinese as Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the dead. * American medical containers

Marketing A Sports Organization Free Essays

When watching football on television, we get so sidetracked in the game and in the players that we forget about another part of the team. The marketing team is a large part of the sports team. Without the group of people who help get the recognition, sales, promotions, the football team would have a more difficult time surviving. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing A Sports Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now The marketing mix is one of the most often used phrases in marketing. The four marketing tactics, also known as the four â€Å"P’s,† are price, product, place, and promotion. Marketingteacher.com compares the marketing mix to that of a cake mix. All of the ingredients are essential to having the positive outcome that is desired.   If the cake needs more sugar, you can add more sugar, if it needs more milk, you can add more milk. The same thing applies to the marketing mix.   Perhaps the price needs to be altered for that positive outcome. Any of the tactics can be altered to suit the product and to get the outcome that is desired. When applying the marketing mix, the kind of organization that we are dealing with has to be considered. There is a difference between an amateur sports organization and a professional sports organization. In order to properly assess the commonalties and differences among the marketing mix developed for Diving Canada (Amateur Sport Organization) and the Toronto Blue Jays (Professional Sport Organization), it is imperative that one has a true understanding of the four elements that drives the marketing mix. The marketing mix was developed as a means to provide marketers with a strategy that would allow them to blend together various factors in order to achieve an organization’s objectives. To successfully implement this strategy, marketers must address the four specific tactics, or â€Å"ingredients† that will make the strategy work. Price is the factor that allows marketers to add value (a numerical representation) on the goods and services they are offering based on their ability to stimulate demand. Product on the other hand, refers to the tangible (good) physical aspect or service that encompasses such things as; brand name, functionality or packaging. Conversely, place relates to the specific geographical location that marketers feel is most appropriate to distribute their product/service to the general public. In order to engage in a successful deliverance, marketers must properly plan tactful promotional strategies that will inform their targeted market with the necessary information to make a purchase. If the aforementioned is utilized effectively, marketers will be able to achieve their organization’s goal in an efficient and productive manner According to www.wharton.universia.net, Juan Manuel de Toro, a professor at the IESE business school said that marketing for a sport’s organization should be, â€Å"Orientated toward consumers. It’s about thinking, deciding and acting in terms of the final consumer.†Ã‚   He said that as a result to this, â€Å"you have to know who your consumers are, and what they want and need. As much as possible, you have to tailor your offer to their needs, so you can get to know them and provide them with a worthwhile benefit. The orientation is toward the market, not to the product.† For instance, diving is growing to be very popular in Canada. According to www.diving.ca/english/html/about.htm, Canada is the number one diving nation in the world. Emphasizing that Canada is known for its diving is important.   This will appeal to the emotional aspect of the marketing. It gives a sense of pride. When it comes to sports, pride sells. There are many organizations that would like to partner with one of the sports that Canada is known for. Sponsorship can make or break a sports marketing plan. Because the team is not necessarily a business and has different purposes than a business does, the marketing for a sports team is different. People watch sports for entertainment, and largely for the emotional aspect of it. There is some emotional reason why each person becomes passionate for sports. Whether it was a family sport for some, or whether they were athletes in the sport when younger, the customer has a reason. To successfully market, the marketing team must get into the heads of their customers and find out what that reason is. According to www.wharton.universia.net, Toro said, â€Å"You are dealing with more than just a service; the sports consumer is looking for entertainment, diversion, passion, emotion; you have to consider his complete emotional dedication.† Sandro Rosell, who is the vice-president the Futbal Club Barcelona, argued, â€Å"In sports marketing, it is very hard to bring business needs and emotional needs together.† Although Rosell is right, it is hard to do, it is possible. For an amateur organization, the price can be a big problem.   There will be less money for marketing when the organization is amateur. What is used has to be used wisely. When seeking a partnership, there are a couple of options. Public or private organizations or state and local partnerships are often considered. One organization that would most likely be used for Diving Canada would be FINA, the world’s largest organization for aquatic sports. The sponsorship covers part of the price aspect. To gain a good idea of the price, penetration pricing could be considered. Penetration pricing is when the price is set low, on purpose, until interest is gained and then the price is raised higher. This would probably be a good idea for Diving Canada. Because it is an amateur sport, some customers might be a little leery of supporting it; however, because it is a sport that Canada is known for, they will most likely support it if the price is right. Once they begin supporting it and see how positive it is for them, the price can be raised and they will not refuse. Promotion for an amateur sports organization can be somewhat tricky. Sponsorship is found in promotion as well as the price. Without the sponsors supporting the team, it is difficult to have the promotion that is necessary. Since Diving Canada’s organization is more about achievement than money, they are not as well known as the Blue Jays. According to http://pr.e-agency.com/pdf/sports_division.pdf, one way to promote a team like the Diving Canada is to have a website devoted to them where they would gain large exposure. While this does cost extra money, the website believes that the price would be worth it in the end. A professional sport organization such as the Toronto Blue Jays is an association that is part of a much larger family that stretches across North America. These organizations are limited in the amount of teams that are able to compete and encompass a huge consumer database consisting of fans, spectators, participants, employees, sponsorship companies and much more. The Toronto Blue Jays, a Toronto based baseball team, is one of the thirty members of this professional sport organization. Diving Canada on the other hand is considered to be a non for profit amateur sport that was created to facilitate the growth and development of diving as a sport in Canada. Although not as large or consumer driven, Diving Canada represents nine provincial diving associations consisting of sixty seven local diving clubs with over 4,000 performing athletes. The main goal of diving Canada is to â€Å"become the number one diving nation in the world.† Unlike the Toronto Blue Jays Association who are profit driven, Diving Canada’s mission is to â€Å"provide all divers, from entry level participants to Olympic and World champions, with the programs and services required to achieve personal excellence and self fulfillment.† Before distinguishing the differences and commonalities of their respective marketing mixes, it is important to understand the underlying differences between a professional and an amateur. Professionals, who participate in sports organizations such as the Toronto Blue Jays are usually required to encompass a large array of knowledge achieved through intensive training and practicing.   These individuals often have a large affect on society and are required to exploit their independence both in society and in the workplace. Furthermore, the single largest distinction between an amateur and a professional is the funding for the sport. Professionals are paid individuals who are part of a large organization, and are paid based on their active participation Amateurs, on the other hand usually refers to individuals who are not performing for money, but instead are doing so for self interest usually through an academic setting. Now that the differences between a paid professional and a working amateur, have been distinguished we discussion of the differences and similarities among the marketing mix can be continued. Sports â€Å"products† is the first part of the marketing mix that will be analyzed and discussed in relation to both The Toronto Blue Jays and Diving Canada. A sport product consists of a good or a service that is created for the purpose of providing a benefit to its many existing users (participants, sponsorship companies, spectators etc†¦). It can provide physical benefits which can be seen through its; its quality design, features, packaging, variety or it can provide intangible benefits, such as the excitement and thrill participants acquire when watching or attending their favorite sport game. Although Diving Canada is an amateur sport they share many of the same existing users. Both organizations have many participants providing entertainment for their fans (their consumers), while following specific rules and guidelines governed by officials, instructors, coaches, etc. Furthermore, both engage in acquiring sponsorships as a means to provide excess cash to run a successful event. Regarding the intangible benefits, there are many similarities as both organizations are proving entertainment for their spectators. However, one of the main differences is that participants in Diving Canada are competing for self-fulfillment (not getting paid), opposed to many of the players on the Toronto Blue Jays who participate for the swollen salary. Although both organizations are very competitive in nature, Diving Canada places a much larger emphasis on achieving personal excellence and self-satisfaction (individually) while the Toronto Blue Jays place a large emphasis on winning a championship as a whole rather than individual participation. Regarding the tangible aspects, there are many differences among the two organizations. There is much more variety offered by the Toronto Blue Jays seen through; the different field positions played (short stop, centre field, catcher, pitcher), equipment (bats, helmets, uniforms, gloves), demographics and viewing capabilities (radio, TV). Although, there is variety in Diving Canada, participants have limited equipment such as bathing suits or goggles, they differ by having much less exposure. TV and radio promotions are limited. The quality of entertainment is usually higher in professional sports, but can is too complex to judge as entertainment can only be judged in the eye of the beholder. Although both organizations design their sport wear to embody company logos, the Toronto Blue Jays place a much larger emphasis on its uniqueness as a way to drive sales and attract consumer purchases of uniforms, hats, gloves, etc†¦One of the biggest differences recognized among the two organizations is the brand name which is perceived through their logos. The Toronto Blue Jays have a much more distinguished and recognized logo compared to Diving Canada. Although Diving Canada does have a signature logo, recognized as widely as the Toronto Blue Jays due to the limited exposure, demand and publicity for the event. The largest difference between the Blue Jays and Diving Canada is money. However, in the words of Shaquille O’Neal, â€Å"I’m tired of hearing about money, money, money, money, money. I just want to play the game, drink Pepsi, [and] wear Reebok.† Though the two sports are extremely different in marketing, it is interesting to see how the same formula — price, place, promotion, and product, can be tailored to work successfully for both. Works Cited Dunn, Paige, and Patty Deutsche. â€Å"Sports Marketing Devision.† E-Agency. 2006. 6 Dec. 2006 â€Å"Diving Plongeon Canada.† Diving. 2006. 6 Dec. 2006 ;www.diving.ca/english/html/about.htm;. â€Å"Marketing Mix.† Marketing Teacher. 2006. 6 Dec. 2006 ;http://marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_marketing_mix.htm;. O’neal, Shaquille. â€Å"The Sports Quote †¦ the Best of the Best.† Famous Quotes and Quotations. 2006. 6 Dec. 2006 http://www.famous-quotes-and-quotations.com/sports-quote.html. â€Å"Sports Marketing: the Motor That Drives the Sports Business.† Marketing. 18 May 2005. 6 Dec. 2006 http://www.wharton.universia.net/index.cfm?fa=viewfeatureid=966language=english. How to cite Marketing A Sports Organization, Essay examples

Kodak’s Razor and Blade Pricing Strategy for Printers Essay Example

Kodak’s Razor and Blade Pricing Strategy for Printers Essay Eastman Kodak’s razor and blade pricing strategy is not expected to succeed in the short run.   Earlier this year, the company revealed that it would be introducing an inkjet printer in the price range of $150-$300, using ink cartridges that would be â€Å"priced more than 50% lower than those of incumbents (Christenson Anthony, 2007).†Ã‚   According to an article published in Forbes, â€Å"Kodaks approach has many of the hallmarks of disruptive innovation, giving it a great chance of creating a much-needed winning product.   But theres still a long way to go before the company can declare success (Christenson Anthony).† Kodak happens to follow the razor and blade pricing strategy for its inkjet printers.   Businesses such as Gillette, Wilkinson Sword, Schick, and Remington are known to have made millions of dollars using this pricing strategy.   These companies gave away their razors or sold them at prices that were lower than the costs of production, making money on the razor blades instead (â€Å"Razors,† 2007).   Inspired by the success of these companies, the leading manufacturers of printers such as HP, Lexmark International and Epson profitably applied the razor and blade pricing model by sacrificing profits on the hardware.   Instead, they made money on the printer cartridges – the consumable part of the product (Christenson Anthony). We will write a custom essay sample on Kodak’s Razor and Blade Pricing Strategy for Printers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kodak’s Razor and Blade Pricing Strategy for Printers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kodak’s Razor and Blade Pricing Strategy for Printers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kodak is turning around this approach by radically reducing the price of its printer cartridges rather than the hardware that it plans to sell.   Whereas competitors are selling ink cartridges for $30 or more, Kodak plans to sell them in the price range of $9.99 to $14.99.   According to the company, it is able to sell cheaper ink cartridges because it has found a way to produce them at lower costs than its competitors (Christenson Anthony). While the low prices of Kodak’s ink cartridges are sure to attract customers, the competitors of the company, such as HP, are already selling their printers at prices that are much lower than those of Kodak’s printers.   Moreover, thirty percent of the global ink market has already been taken over by â€Å"private label, recycled ink cartridges (Christenson Anthony).†Ã‚   These ink cartridges are generally ten to fifteen percent cheaper than the branded ones, and sold by retailers such as Staples and Internet vendors like Carrot Ink (Christenson Anthony).   Hence, the low prices of Kodak’s ink cartridges will not appear truly novel to the consumers. Kodak’s pricing strategy would also not succeed if its competitors reduce the prices of ink cartridges as well.   Even so, Kodak might find itself at the winning end if its entry into the printer market manages to grow the market.   The company is claiming that its Photo Value Pack would allow people to print pictures at home for only 10 cents – a cost that is almost sixty percent lower than that of using a system created by HP (Christenson Anthony).   With such claims, it is possible for Kodak to help the printer market grow by attracting more consumers to personal printers. Nevertheless, it is too early to say whether Kodak’s entry into the printer market would be a profitable one.   The razor and blade pricing strategy is surely a successful strategy.   All the same, Kodak is facing a number of obstacles, such as the market for recycled ink cartridges and the possibility that its competitors would follow its strategy.   If the printer market grows because of Kodak’s entry, the company would definitely benefit.   Still, it could take some time before we are able to witness the sure fire success of Kodak’s pricing strategy in the printer market, that is, if the company is eventually successful in its new venture.