International service Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International service - Assignment Example etation, it is the hope of this particular student that the reader will gain a more informed understanding and appreciation for the way in which credit rating works and whether or not it is a useful and appreciable tool that should be considered as vital for the continued economic development of the world or whether or not it should be dismissed based upon its inherent shortcomings. Firstly, in seeking to analyze the benefits of credit rating system, it should be noted that this particular system provides the individual with an incentive to pay their bills, and conduct their financial matters in a responsible manner; as a means of receiving the reward of gaining a higher credit score and having potential access to more readily available credit in the future. Furthermore, another tacit benefit that credit rating provides has to do with the level of discernment that it to financial institutions with regard to whether or not a particular loan or investment would be risky and should therefore be shunned. However, beyond the strengths and potential benefits that the credit rating system can provide, it is also inherently prone to key weaknesses and shortcomings. For instance, at the point in time in which an individual loses employment or is unable to pay their bills, due to a medical emergency or some other unexpected events, the credit rating of the individual immediately plummets. Naturally, at the point in time in which the individual is most in need of immediate credit, the access to such credit is almost all but nonexistent. Furthermore, if an individual finds themselves with extremely low credit, the interest rates that they must pay will be convinced currently high; denoting the high level of risk that the borrower engenders to the financial institution question (Mattarocci 18). As can relatively be noted, the extraordinarily high interest rates that individuals with low credit scores must pay create something of a reciprocal process through which the ability

Negative Impact of Social Websites Essay Example for Free

Negative Impact of Social Websites Essay Social networking has greatly impacted society, especially when it comes down to common sites such as Facebook, My space, or even Twitter. It has been noticed to have both a negative and positive effect on society. Although social networks can have good and positive effect on people but unfortunately it has plenty of negative effects on students. Through reports its evaluated that social networking sites has formed a new kind of addiction which we call the social media addiction and it is quite true in using Facebook,twitter,hi5 etc. Are you addicted to Facebook? Twitter? hi5? (etc. Some students would say yes and some would say no. It depends on the level of cravings. But it was found that a lot of students are by now addicted to it, to the extent that their school performance is affected. Children who spend much of their time online find it harder to focus in class and have short attention span, Researchers have found it out through the samples that 7 out of 10 teachers said that their students are becoming addicted with social websites such as Facebook or twitter. Their students tend to study while using Facebook or twitter and it shows that they got 20% lower grades. Social sites using students even perform study related task without completion for the reason that they spend more time looking on their updates about their friends and look up for their notifications rather than finishing their school tasks. Aside that Facebook affects student’s academic performance; it also has an effect on student’s emotional health. Students feel connected to others but study shows that they manifest depression through seeing their status updates. Some would utilize the site to express what they feel towards their rival in school or even outside the campus. They would blurt out through posting status that would target their opponent just to hurt their feelings. 1. Teenagers who use Facebook more often show more narcissistic tendencies while young adults who have a strong Facebook presence show more signs of other psychological disorders, including antisocial behaviors, mania and aggressive tendencies. 2. Daily overuse of media and technology has a negative effect on the health of all children, preteens and teenagers by making them more prone to depression, and other psychological disorders, as well as by making them more susceptible to future health problems. . Students mostly use slang words or shortened forms of words on social networking sites. They start relying on the computer grammar and spelling check features. This reduces their command over the language and their creative writing skills. 4. The student’s motivational level reduces due to the use of these social networking sites. They rely on the virtual environment inste ad of gaining practical knowledge from the real world. 5. The more time the students spend on these social media sites, the less time they will spend socializing in person with others. This reduces their communication skills. They will not be able to communicate and socialize effectively in person with others. The employers are getting more and more unsatisfied with the communication skills of the fresh graduates due to this reason. The effective communication skills are a key to success in the real world. 6. Facebook and other sites can be very distracting for students and can impact negatively on their learning, reports have proved that the students who check their Facebook or social account at least once is a study time of 15 minutes has scored lower grades in their studies. For sure there can be many other reasons for a student’s inattention in studies. But somehow social networks like Facebook, Orkut, and Twitter etc. have a negative impact on the education of some students. Facebook could make students vain for better or for worse and it is the parent’s and teacher’s duty to watch and guide their children to get the utmost good benefits from Social networking website. GOOD MIND ALWAYS GOOD FIND

Analysis of G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12

Analysis of G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12 ABSTRACT: G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12 (GPR12) belongs to the orphan GPCR family which is the same of the GPR3 and GPR6. Homology model for the protein GPR12 was generated from the SWISS-MODEL website which showed an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops. GPR12 acts through the cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and promotes neurite outgrowth in primary neurons which can be used to slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The gene of GPR12 is located in the chromosome 13q12.13 for human, 12p11 for rat and 5; 5 G3 for a mouse with the size of 5.6 kbp, 3.4 kbp, and 4.3 kbp. Four current ongoing clinical trials studies on GPR12 was found on clinicaltrials.gov. G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12 (GPR12) belongs to the orphan GPCR family which is the same of the GPR3 and GPR6 (Ignatov et al., 2003a; Ignatov et al., 2003b). GPR 12 family members are constitutively activated and initiate the cAMP signaling cascades (Ignatov et al., 2003a). It is reported that GPR12 promote neurite extension in primary neurons (Ignatov et al., 2003a). The sequence identity of GPR12 is similar to GPCR S1P5 by 34%, GPR3 by 57% and GPR6 by 58% (Ignatov et al., 2003a; Ignatov et al., 2003b). Hence, it is hypothesized that the orphan receptors might share common ligands and also have similar physiological functions (Uhlenbrock et al., 2002; Tanaka et al., 2007). GPR12 has a high binding affinity towards Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) (Uhlenbrock et al., 2002). GPR 12 also binds with Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)   with low affinity (Uhlenbrock et al., 2002). GPR12 family members are constantly activated and cAMP downstream signaling cascades initiated (Uhlenbro ck et al., 2002; Ignatov et al., 2003a). This persistent activation promotes neurite extension in primary neurons (Tanaka et al., 2007). GPR12 belongs to the orphan GPCR family which is the same of the GPR3 and GPR6 (Ignatov et al., 2003a; Ignatov et al., 2003b). According to Horn et al., GPR12 belongs to the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like subfamily with all other Orphan GPCR receptors (Horn et al., 2003). 2.1. Structure: A search was conducted for GPR12 in the RCSB protein data bank to identify the protein structure of G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12. There were no matches found in the search which is shown in figure 1.   Hence, a Homology model for the protein was generated from the SWISS-MODEL website, 27.41% sequence identity was indicated for Cannabinoid receptor 1 (Flavodoxin). Flavodoxin, Cannabinoid receptor one was chosen as the template, and a 3D structural model was generated for GPR12 from the template which is shown in the figures 2a and 2b. The GMQE (Global Model Quality Estimation) and Q-Mean value for the generated protein 0.56 and -4.28. The generated protein showed an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops forming four extracellular topological domains and four cytoplasmic topological domains. The alignment of protein sequence between Human GPR12 and GPR12 of other species like mouse and rat showed very less variation which indicates the protein is conserved between these species(UniProtKB; UniProtKB; UniProtKB). The protein alignment is shown in figure 3. 2.2. Pathway: According to Horn et al., GPR12 belongs to the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like subfamily with all other Orphan GPCR receptors (Horn et al., 2003). GPR12 acts through the cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway (Tanaka et al., 2007). Since, GPR12 is an orphan receptor where its natural ligand is unknown (Ignatov et al., 2003a). When the ligand such as S1P or SPC binds to the GPR12, the G-Protein gets activated due to the binding of GTP (Ignatov et al., 2003a). Thus, G-Protein activates Adenylate cyclase which converts the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cAMP, and the cAMP activates Protein Kinase A (Ignatov et al., 2003a). The Activated Protein Kinase A activates the cellular reaction such as neurite extension in primary neurons (Ignatov et al., 2003a). [Refer figure 4] 2.3. Gene and Evolutionary aspects of GPR12: The alignment of protein sequence between Human GPR12 and GPR12 of other species like mouse and rat showed very less variation which indicates the protein is conserved between these species (UniProtKB; UniProtKB; UniProtKB). The protein alignment is shown in figure 3. The gene location of GPR12 in the chromosomes locus is nearly the same for human and rat, but it is different in mouse (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene). The gene of GPR12 is located in the chromosome 13q12.13 for human, 12p11 for rat and 5; 5 G3 for mouse (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene). The GPR12 gene contains two exons in humans, three exons in rat and three exons in Mouse separating the intron sequence and the evolutionary association of the gene sequence of GPR12 between the species and between GPCR family is shown in figure 5a and 5b (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene). The GPR12 gene size for a human is 5.6 kbp, for rat it is 3.4 kbp, and for the mouse, it is 4.3 kbp (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; Stevens et a l., 2013). GPR12 mutant mice showed an effect in their emotionality was affected due to the mutation in GPR12 which was no significant change   (Frank et al., 2012). GPR12 overexpressed in neurons upregulate cAMP levels and promotes neurite outgrowth in primary neurons which can be used to slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons   disease, Huntingtons disease, etc. (Tanaka et al., 2007). GPR12 is also involved in the regulation of cell survival and cell proliferation which may vary during the diseased condition which causes astrocytes to proliferate at a faster rate and results in inflammation (Lu et al., 2012). A search was done for G-Protein coupled receptor 12 on clinicaltrails.gov website which showed four current ongoing clinical trials studies on GPR12. The studies were different from each other such as Platelet reactivity (ClinicalTrials.gov), Stoke (ClinicalTrials.gov), Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinomas (ClinicalTrials.gov) and Migraine (ClinicalTrials.gov). GPR12 belongs to the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like subfamily with all other Orphan GPCR receptors. The gene coding for GPR12 is conserved between Humans, Rats, and Mouse which indicates the existence of similar roles and function in these three animals. GPR12 is still in the stages of primary research where its structure, signaling pathways, function, and roles are still waiting to be found. GPR12 has recently assumed to be associated with Neural disorders and diseases. Clinical trials have been successfully conducted for GPR12 for many diseases one of which is depression. References: ClinicalTrials.gov Is There a Transient Rebound Effect of Platelet Reactivity Following Cessation of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Ticagrelor a Single Center Prospective Observational Trial. Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02808039?term=G-Protein%2BCoupled%2BReceptor%2B12recr=Openrank=1, January 25, 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov Platelet Reactivity in Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events (PRINCE). Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02506140?term=G-Protein+Coupled+Receptor+12recr=Openrank=2, January 25, 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov Retrospective Analysis of the Expression of the Neurotensin Receptor by Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinomas (NTS). Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02891733?term=G-Protein%2BCoupled%2BReceptor%2B12recr=Openrank=4, January 25, 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov Ticagrelor Therapy for RefrACTORy Migraine Study (TRACTOR). Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02518464?term=G-Protein%2BCoupled%2BReceptor%2B12recr=Openrank=3, January 25, 2017. Frank, E., Wu, Y., Piyaratna, N., Body, W.J., Snikeris, P., South, T., Gerdin, A.K., Bjursell, M., Bohlooly, Y.M., Storlien, L. Huang, X.F. (2012) Metabolic parameters and emotionality are little affected in G-protein coupled receptor 12 (Gpr12) mutant mice. PLoS One, 7, e42395. Horn, F., Bettler, E., Oliveira, L., Campagne, F., Cohen, F.E. Vriend, G. (2003) GPCRDB information system for G protein-coupled receptors. Nucleic acids research, 31, 294-297. Ignatov, A., Lintzel, J., Hermans-Borgmeyer, I., Kreienkamp, H.-J., Joost, P., Thomsen, S., Methner, A. Schaller, H.C. (2003a) Role of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR12 as high-affinity receptor for sphingosylphosphorylcholine and its expression and function in brain development. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 907-914. Ignatov, A., Lintzel, J., Kreienkamp, H.-J. Chica Schaller, H. (2003b) Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a high-affinity ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR6 from mouse and induces intracellular Ca2+ release by activating the sphingosine-kinase pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 311, 329-336. Lu, X., Zhang, N., Meng, B., Dong, S. Hu, Y. (2012) Involvement of GPR12 in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Mol Cell Biochem, 366, 101-110. NCBI-Gene Gpr12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] Gene NCBI. Journal, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/14738, January/25/2017. NCBI-Gene GPR12 G protein-coupled receptor 12 [Homo sapiens (human)] Gene NCBI. Journal, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2835, January/25/2017. NCBI-Gene Gpr12 G protein-coupled receptor 12 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] Gene NCBI. Journal, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/80840, January/25/2017. Stevens, R.C., Cherezov, V., Katritch, V., Abagyan, R., Kuhn, P., Rosen, H. Wuthrich, K. (2013) The GPCR Network: a large-scale collaboration to determine human GPCR structure and function. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 12, 25-34. Tanaka, S., Ishii, K., Kasai, K., Yoon, S.O. Saeki, Y. (2007) Neural expression of G protein-coupled receptors GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12 up-regulates cyclic AMP levels and promotes neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem, 282, 10506-10515. Uhlenbrock, K., Gassenhuber, H. Kostenis, E. (2002) Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a ligand of the human gpr3, gpr6 and gpr12 family of constitutively active G protein-coupled receptors. Cellular signalling, 14, 941-953. UniProtKB GPR12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 Homo sapiens (Human) GPR12 gene protein. Journal, http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P47775, January 25, 2017. UniProtKB Gpr12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 Mus musculus (Mouse) Gpr12 gene protein. Journal, http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P35412, January 25, 2017. UniProtKB Gpr12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) Gpr12 gene protein. Journal, http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P30951, January 25, 2017. Figure 1: No structure was found for the protein GPR12 in RCSB Protein data bank. Figure 2a: Side view of the GPR12 structure which was generated by SWISS-MODEL. The protein is showing an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops forming four extracellular topological domains and four cytoplasmic topological domains. Figure 2b: Top view of the GPR12 structure which was generated by SWISS-MODEL. The protein is showing an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops forming four extracellular topological domains and four cytoplasmic topological domains. Figure 3: GPR12 protein alignment for the species Human, mouse and rat generated from ClustalW. * (asterisk) indicates positions which have a single, fully conserved residue, : (colon) indicates conservation between groups of strongly similar residue properties, . (period) indicates conservation between groups of weakly similar residue properties. Figure 4: GPR12 proteins complete intracellular signaling pathway Figure 5a: Phylogenetic/evolutionary tree of GPCR family members (Stevens et al., 2013) Figure 5b: Phylogenetic/evolutionary tree of GPR12 showing evolutionary difference between human, rat, and mouse   Ã‚   G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPR12) Protein Agonist Antagonist Sphingosine-1-phosphate Suramin Sphingosyl-phosphocholine Table 1: GPR12 agonist and antagonist with structure and name

Life and Death in Cats Cradle :: essays research papers

Life and Death in Cats Cradle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is a struggle to defy the inevitable. Since the beginning of time man has contemplated his own death, labored over the meaning of life, and created religion to explain all that he can not understand. Death at some point will catch up with all of society and at some point the entire world as human beings have come to know it will come to an end. No one can hide from death or attempt to out run its ever-expanding claw; death is absolute. It is possibly the only certainty in all of human existence. Whether the sun explodes sucking itself into its own infinite gravity, or human beings finally manage to destroy this beautiful planet, life will end. All great societies have come to tragic anti-climatic ends. The Romans slowly poisoned themselves through their use of an amazingly complex lead piping system, and Athens feel eventually to an equally dismal fate. In our modern society the world has watched as many threats of global destruction have come and gone. The f act that currently the nuclear arsenal of the United States alone could easily destroy all of earth leaves many fearing that the end is near. The contemplation of ones eventual demise leads one to think that life is no longer worth the effort to live. In Cats Cradle the destruction of the world is realized by the invention of a substance capable of freezing all water on earth. Its inventor was a peaceful man, a man who invented for the sake of discovery, for the sake of the human race. It was only after his death, that the greed and stupidity of man allowed this substance to end all man has struggled to create. Throughout human existence man’s disregard for his home and his environment is evident in all aspects of cultural. This disregard for the frailties of nature will eventually lead to the death of all humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Cat’s Cradle the narrator John winds his way through the events that eventually lead to the destruction of the human race. Life to John is a quest; a quest that is defined finally by his new found religion Bokononism. He feels that everyone in his life revolves around him as they all search for something of meaning in their lives; this group is called a karass. Life is a gift that is never solicited and often unappreciated after given.

Benefits of partnership of a community group

In the recent years we have witnessed a contract known as ‘Community Benefit Agreement’ that was signed in the USA between community groups and company owners which requires the business owners to provide certain services to the local community or the vicinity while on the other hand the community supports the businesses or will not in any way oppose them (Cnaan & Milofsky, 2007). A study reveals that when the community is more involved in the negotiation procedure, they will be able to tackle the problems to present a debate for all parts of an affected community.At the spirit of the community benefits schemes is partnership building. According to the agreement, there are various benefits a community will derive from a business operating in the vicinity. They include; good working conditions, local hiring schemes, affordable housing allowances, better remuneration packages, on job training programs, space will be set aside for other small organizations, community centre s, child care schools, enhance erection of parks and sporting amenities and giving financial support to community group programs.Benefits that a community group may accrue from a company/business through partnership Taking a case in Sydney we find that a recreation field committee of Rankin School of the Narrows in IONA being one of the beneficiaries from the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency through a strategy that was introduced known as Local Economic Benefits (LEB). Sydney Tar Ponds Agency is an agency that deals with stabilizing, solidifying and containing the contaminated materials to clean up the environment and the cleaned up space to be used for recreational purposes.Sydney Tar Ponds Agency, through the LEB program, supports promotes mission contestants and contractors to promote local community activities. LEB involves various operations such as local employment, improvement of local proficiency sets, promoting local community projects and drawing new citizens to join local communit ies. An important section that will be checked out is developing an outdoor rink, a young and adults green activity area which will allow those who have no space to plant at home to have a garden, for the young ones it will provide education on plants and how they grow.As fundraising efforts were underway for the various phases, the committee explored many ways of generating much-needed financial support. Members in the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency have testified that the strategy had helped them develop the outdoor rink that is helping them to give back to the community. This helps the community to grow in positive, healthy directions (Gale Group, 1988). Through the establishment of the outdoor rink for Rankin School of the Narrows in IONA, there will be a lot of motivation in the part of the learners as they will be able to learn extra curriculum activities such as small garden farming.It will also give individuals work to do thus avoiding idleness which could promote immorality amongs t the youths. This will develop the youngsters’ skills and talents that could be of great help to them in future. These small gardens will also add to the country’s aesthetic value thus preserving the splendour of a nation. Conclusion In order to form a triumphant community benefit agreement, it is vital to classify and retain a coalition, facilitate and expertise on a shared agenda, Collins & Porras, 2002).It is therefore important that the government empowers the community on its rights so as to improve the bargaining power of the community. We find that there are organizations which merely do anything for the community because there are no efforts to demand their contribution to the community. On the other hand the community groups should support the operations of the organization to form that mutual relationship that will promote the introduction of other benefits (Demetrios E. Tonias & Jim J.Zhao, 2007). Works Cited Gale Group. International directory of company h istories. (California: St James Press. 1988) Collins James Charles & Porras I. Jerry. Built to last: successful habits of visionary companies. (New York; Harper Business Essentials. 2002). Cnaan A. Ram & Milofsky Carl. Handbook of Community Movements and Local Organizations. (Philadelphia: Springer. 2007 pp 26, 27). Tonias E. Demetrios & Zhao J. Jim. Bridge Engineering. (New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. 2007, p 41).

Personality of Donald Trump Essay

Success is defined by the accomplishments people make in their lives. These accomplishments are underscored by their abilities to lead and inspire others. Many theorists have pondered what characteristics and traits lead people to have such a passionate drive towards success. Donald Trump is one of these triumphant individuals, who despite adversity have accomplished unrenowned achievements. In order to understand what has made Donald successful, his character traits must be analyzed and compared to acknowledged theory. Donald Trump is a true American success story and his approach to business, along with his personality, must be closely explored. Donald Trump was born in New York City on June 14, 1946, to Fred and Mary Trump and is the fourth of five children. Fred Trump was a self-made successful real estate developer, who became a millionaire by the time Donald was born. He built modest homes and apartment buildings and liked to stay out of the spotlight. He was a man of strong conviction and self-confidence and instilled in his children the importance of believing in themselves, being optimistic and striving for success (Slater, 2005). The Trumps lived well but simply and were not flamboyant in their spending. Donald’s parents were frugal in the sense that they knew it was not easy to make money and that money should be treated with respect (Trump). Fred was strict with his children but a devoted husband and father. Mary was a  traditional housewife but had a flair for the dramatic and was enchanted by royalty and glamour (O’Brien, 2005). She had a great sense for showiness, loved to organize family parties and events, and was always the star of the show. Donald has said that, when it comes to real estate, his dad was his best teacher. He claims he began to learn as a small child when playing at his father’s feet, as he listened to his father conduct business over the phone with building contractors. Donald boasts that, by the age of ten, he knew more about erecting a building than many adults did (Slater, 2005). During school vacations, Donald and his brothers would tag along with their father to help with projects and to collect rents. He truly admired his father. He wanted to follow in his footsteps but not to have to walk in his father’s shadow. He wanted to achieve greatness on his own and be known as Donald Trump, not Fred Trump’s son. In his youth, Donald was pretty wild and rambunctious. As early as the second grade, he punched his music teacher and gave him a black eye. By the age of thirteen, his parents had lost patience with him and shipped him off to New York Military Academy. Donald quickly adapted to this iron-fisted environment and here he began to develop his competitive nature and an awareness of his appearance (O’Brien, 2005). He strove to be successful at everything he did. He excelled in both academics and sports and discovered one of the character traits he is now most known for, his self-confidence. Attending the military academy was the turning point in Donald’s life, where he began to develop his personality and become the Donald Trump the world knows today. Fred Trump had always hoped his sons would all join him in his business, and at various times they did. Fred Jr., Donald’s brother, did not care for the business, and did not get along with his father very well. He left the business and became a pilot. He was a troubled man, and at the age of 42 died of a heart attack and alcoholism. This was one of the worst events Donald claims to have experienced. For this reason, he has never smoked nor drank. Donald believed that most people were self-serving and that many took  advantage of his brother. After his brother’s death, Donald vowed to always be on guard and to be untrusting of everyone (Slater, 2005). After completing an associate’s degree at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Finance, he went to work for his father for five years. Donald’s father, who kept his dealings in Brooklyn and Queens, made it big on a smaller scale, but Donald was determined to make it big on a larger one; so he packed up all of his belongings and moved to Manhattan, the heart of New York. He continued to work for his father, and when he began to consider moving to California and going into show business, an associate convinced him that real estate was truly his forte (O’Brien, 2005). When Donald moved to Manhattan, his bank account and wallet were practically empty but that did not stop him. Trump used his negotiating skills and persistence to join an exclusive club in New York, which catered only to the elite. Recognizing his magnetism and ingenuity, the club let Donald join strictly on the condition that he would leave the other members’ wives alone. He did not intend to use the club to play polo and sail on yachts, but rather to use his membership to make contacts and that is exactly is what he did. (AskMen.com, 2005). Trump had made himself one of the most powerful real estate businessmen in the 1980s with the ownership of several buildings such as Trump Towers, Trump Parc, and The Plaza Hotel, as well as the New Jersey Generals football team. He also invested in the casino business in Atlantic City and New Jersey. Due to his impetuous nature though, Donald rushed into many ventures without planning ahead. He got himself deep in debt and a recession forced him into bankruptcy. He climbed to his feet, wiped the dirt off of his knees, and came back fighting and more determined than ever. (AskMen.com, 2005). In 2004, Donald teamed up with NBC to produce and star in a television reality show, The Apprentice. This quickly became the number one new show on television. Each season begins with a group of contestants with backgrounds in various enterprises, typically including real estate, restaurant  management, political consulting, sales and marketing. During the show, these contestants live in a communal house, allowing their relationships to build. They are placed into task teams and each week are assigned a task which requires selecting a project manager for the task. The winning team receives a reward, while the losing team faces a boardroom showdown in order to determine which team member should be eliminated from the show. The premise of the show, which bills itself as the â€Å"ultimate job interview,† is to conduct a job talent search for a person to head one of Trump’s companies. The position starts with an â€Å"Introductory† one-year contract with a startin g yearly salary exceeding six figures, $250,000 to be exact. The Apprentice is just another success to add to Trumps report card. (Woopidoo.com). Donald likes to be closely involved in every aspect of his business. When any new construction is under way, he is very much like his father. He always visits the construction sites and likes to micromanage his projects. He haggles with project managers, meets with foremen and also discusses the jobs with construction workers themselves. As to his personal life, Donald is currently in his third marriage. He was married to his first wife, Ivana, for 13 years and had three children from the marriage, two boys and a girl. Donald’s second marriage to wife Marla, lasted for six years. They had one child, a baby girl. Donald married again in 2005 to a Slovenian model, Melania Knauss, and they recently had a baby boy. Donald’s aggressions and one-sided focus are what allowed him to break down the existing barriers to obtain his goals of becoming successful as a developer. With that being said, there is a sad and dark side to Donald Trump; it is believed that he suffers from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. His OCD is to buy and build whatever comes to his mind. His actions time and time again have proven that, when he sets his sights on something, he just goes for it no matter what. Trump does not appear to have any set strategies. Many times, Donald Trump’s impulsiveness does not let him see what will happen after he makes that first pivotal step in any direction. In  addition, Donald’s concern for neatness and appearance extends deeper regarding cleanliness. He has had a lifelong aversion to germs and is a self-professed germ-phobic. He avoids too much hand shaking, and washes his hands thoroughly and as often as possible. He would refuse to put food in his mouth after shaking someone’s hand. He feels this keeps him safer from the risk of contracting any illnesses. Donald Trump is a ripe candidate for further analyses of psychological theory. Carl Jung, a neo-freudian theorist, believed in not just the unconscious but rather the collective unconscious, which was ideas or memories that are part of a person’s biological heritage and these inherited tendencies, such as family, faith and fears, predispose us to view the external world in certain ways. Jung referred to these ideas or memories as archetypes. Jung described many archetypes but focused on three specific ones: the animus/anima, the shadow and the self (Heffner, 2002). This theory would state that Donald Trump was born to be the person he is now. Jung also believed that spiritual needs are just as important, and possibly more important, as biological needs. â€Å"Introverts try to harmonize inner conflicts into a whole self. Extroverts try to harmonize self with social realities (Spencer).† Jung would have considered Trump an extrovert because Donald is focused and driven with society around him. Jung would have also considered Trump a poster child because those who help themselves succeed in life, and that is what Trump had been taught and encouraged to believe. Jung also stated that people look for those that are like themselves, and much of that influence comes from our parents. Donald Trump’s mother had a visible influence on his need to be in the impeccably dressed, and always in the spotlight. Donald’s father was a very successful businessman, so that is what Donald knew to look for in life. He has always been associated with rich and powerful people in many different fields, from radio and his conn ection with Howard Stern to sports and political figures. Gordon Allport, a trait theorist, wanted to understand the differences between people in personality and to see how the different characteristics and processes interact and function together in an integrated way. Allport  believed that people had traits. He classified these traits into specific categories: individual, common, cardinal, central, secondary, motivational, and stylistic traits. He believed that every person had a small number of specific traits, known as central traits that predominate the personality. Allport believed that once in a while one of the central traits would become a dominant trait, known as a cardinal trait. The central and cardinal traits are environmentally influenced. (Heffner, 2002). According to Allport’s theory, Donald Trump’s traits would be classified into certain categories. For instance, a central trait would be self-confidence and a cardinal trait would be determination. Allport also believed that humans act on the tendency to satisfy basic survival needs, which he referred to as opportunistic functioning, and that most of what we do in life is what makes us who we are. He was a strong proponent of acknowledging ones self-image (Boeree, 2006). Donald Trump has a very positive self-image, made obvious from the way he dresses to the things he creates. His name, Trump, is on everything he has built. He works on the belief that he cannot fail and, even if he fails, it is due to someone else not doing the job to his standards. As a biological theorist, Hans Eysenck’s theory is based primarily on physiology and genetics. He believes that habits are learned, but he also believes that people can grow out of personality that is genetically inherited. Eysenck believed that â€Å"the human brain has excitatory and inhibitory neural mechanisms (Neill, 2005).† Eysenck hypothesized these two mechanisms were regulated by a structure known as ARAS in the brain stem. The ARAS lets stimulus into the brain. If it lets a lot of stimulus into the brain, chronic over arousal, a person is an introvert and if the ARAS does not allow much stimulus, chronic under arousal, into the brain, a person is an extrovert (Heffner, 2002). Eysenck determined that all people could be categorized into two groups: neurotic and extrovert-introvert. Everyone exhibits specific responses to both internal and external stimuli. Both neuroticism and extroversion can be seen in Donald Trump, as he has admitted to not wanting to shake hands because of his fear of germs. He said that he finds the hand shaking ritual barbaric. Donald’s personality has always shown him to be an extrovert by nature, which has served him well in his business dealings. Being outgoing and upfront is how he influences lucrative deal offers to be signed, and has added to his success. As a humanistic theorist, Carl Rogers believed all people need to maintain and enhance life, and this tendency for growth is known as self-actualization (Boeree, 2006). There are levels on the path to self-actualization. One level is the desire to preserve and enhance oneself, also known as the physical level, and the higher level, the psychological level, is to seek out new experiences, master new skills, quit boring jobs, and find more exciting ones. Once a person has achieved self-actualization, they are known as a fully functioning person and able to live a life full of meaning, challenges and fulfillment. Rogers believed self-actualization was primarily determined by events in a person’s childhood experiences and these experiences need to be positive. According to Rogers’ theory, Donald Trump would be a fully functioning person. It is very evident in Mr. Trump’s actions as to how he feels about himself. Rogers claims that if you feel smart and/or think that you are smart, then it becomes part of your self-concept. Donald Trump is very confident and has an enormous ego, which has helped him throughout his career. This ego carries over to Donald Trump’s personal relationships in dealing with women as well as business associates. He has always surrounded himself with beautiful women regardless of the fact that many believe he is not all that handsome. This confidence serves as a magnet that makes people want to be in his presence. He has a good image of himself but never lets his self-image get in the way of what he is after, thus even business associates cannot resist giving in to him. This, in turn, feeds his ego. He also feels that he is superior to others in the business world and, even through his financial troubles, has always managed to emerge as though it was just a bump in the road and part of his plan. George Kelly, a cognitive theorist, believed that, because people are trying  to understand what was going on around them, people are scientists. Kelly’s theory is known as the fundamental postulate, which states people act in a manner with how people expect the world to be based on their interpretations of past events (Spencer). In other words, people use past experiences in life to anticipate future events. An example would be if we view the world and people around us as friendly and safe, then we would find it easy to engage with others for advice. If we see the world and people around us as cruel and selfish, then we would strictly rely on our own abilities to interpret things. For a long time, Donald Trump vowed not to trust anyone after the death of his brother and has only relied on himself to build his fortune, which gives the idea that he trusts no one more than himself. This mistrust is why he most likely involves himself so deeply in all facets of his business and micromanages. In some cases, this mistrust in others has been his undoing in his some of his business dealings and possibly his marriages. Needless to say, Donald Trump’s flamboyance success and highly public persona make Donald a perfect specimen for a personality evaluation. Many of the theorists believe that a lot of Donald’s personality stems from his relationship with and the influence of his parents. This includes his mother’s influence on being in the spotlight and his father’s sense of being a disciplined businessman. Donald Trump is a very confident, competitive, successful and extravagant businessman who has made himself instantly recognizable wherever he goes. Whatever theory one may have, all agree that Donald Trump is a very goal driven person and it is believed that he will always resurface no matter how his investments turn out. Trump summed up his future in these few words, â€Å"Anyone who thinks my story is anywhere near over is sadly mistaken.† (AskMen.com, 2005).† References AskMen.com. (2005). Men of the week: businessmen. Retrieved April 18, 2006, from AskMen.com Website: http://www.askmen.com/men/business_politics/38_donald_trump.html. Boeree, C. G. (2006). Personality theories. Retrieved April 15, 2006, from Shippensburg University Website: http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/perscontents.html. Heffner, C. L. (2002, August 21). Personality theory: an introduction. Retrieved April 26, 2006, from AllPsych Online: The Virtual Psychology Classroom Website: http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/index.html. Neill, J. (2005, September 19). Personality: theory & perspectives. Retrieved April 26, 2006, Website: http://www.wilderdom.com/personality/personality.html. O’Brien, T. L. (2005). TrumpNation. The art of being Donald. Warner Business Books. New York, NY. Slater, R. (2005). No such thing as exposure. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Spencer, W. B. (n.d.). Theories of personality. Retrieved April 26, 2006, from Eastern Illinois University Psychology Department Website: http://psych.eiu.edu/spencer/. Trump, D. (2004). Trump How to Get Rich. New York, NY: Random House. Woopidoo.com. (n.d.). Donald trump biography. Retrieved April 28, 2006, from Woopidoo! Website: http://www.woopidoo.com/biography/donald-trump.htm.